Chapter 13 Histogram

13.1 Intro

Histograms are normally used to inspect the distribution of continuous (cardinal, e.g. interval or ratio-level) variables.

13.1.1 Example dataset

This example uses the Rosetta Stats example dataset “pp15” (see Chapter 1 for information about the datasets and Chapter 3 for an explanation of how to load datasets).

13.1.2 Variable(s)

From this dataset, this example uses variable xtcUsePillHigh.

13.2 Input: jamovi

Figure 13.1: A screenshot placeholder

13.3 Input: R

Use the following command (this requires the rosetta package to be installed, see section 2.3.2, and the example dataset to be stored under name dat, see section 3):

hist(dat$xtcUsePillHigh);

13.4 Input: SPSS GUI

First activate the dat dataset (see 2.4.1).

Figure 13.2: A screenshot placeholder

13.5 Input: SPSS Syntax

Use the following command (this requires the dat dataset to be the active dataset, see 2.4.1):

GRAPH /HISTOGRAM(NORMAL) = xtcUsePillHigh.

13.6 Output: jamovi

Figure 13.3: A screenshot placeholder

13.7 Output: R

Figure 13.4: The produced box plot in R.

13.8 Output: SPSS

Figure 13.5: A screenshot placeholder

13.9 Read more

If you would like more background on this topic, you can read more in these sources:

• Discovering Statistics with SPSS (closed access):
• Learning Statistics with R (Navarro 2018): section XXXXXXXXXX, page XXXXXXXXXX (or follow this link for the Bookdown version)